Cardinal Dolan and Bishop Barron help Baltimore Basilica mark patronal feast for bicentennial celebration

For a special vespers and Mass to mark the patronal feast of the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary during its 200th anniversary year, Archbishop William E. Lori appropriately used the crosier that belonged to Archbishop Ambrose Maréchal.

Archbishop Maréchal, third archbishop of Baltimore, presided at the dedication of America’s first cathedral in 1821. 

The celebrations featured a talk on the history of the basilica and the first bishop in the U.S. by Cardinal Timothy M. Dolan and a homily about Mary’s role in our faith by Bishop Robert Barron.

The history of the Baltimore Basilica was the focus for vespers on the vigil of the feast of the Assumption Aug. 14, with a talk delivered by Cardinal Dolan, archbishop of New York, whose doctoral studies focused on the history of the American church.

The cardinal started his talk quoting from the fifth chapter of Matthew’s Gospel: “You are the light of the world. A city set on a hill cannot be hidden.” He said he believed Archbishop John Carroll, the first bishop in the United States, had precisely this in mind when he made plans for the first cathedral to be built in the newly minted country.

He said the basilica is the closest thing the Catholic Church in the U.S. has to Independence Hall, Mount Rushmore and the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, N.Y.

Archbishop Carroll, a “realistic dreamer,” intended the new cathedral to be “a light to the nation, a light to the world,” the cardinal said.

When he was consecrated on the feast of the Assumption in 1790 as the first bishop of Baltimore, which at the time encompassed everything in the U.S. from the Atlantic to the Mississippi River, then-Bishop Carroll wanted to move from a “quiet Catholicism” that had been loyal to the crown, and whose faith would be mostly private, to a “Maryland-style Catholicism” that was more open and engaged with society. 

Archbishop Carroll was pleased to see a number of Catholics involved in the political realm, including his brother, Daniel Carroll, one of only five men to sign both the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution. Their cousin, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence, was elected to the Maryland Senate. All three Carrolls studied at the Jesuit college in Saint-Omer, France.

Cardinal Dolan noted that this new style of Catholicism was patriotic; home-grown, that is, not ecclesiastically European; educated, for which the first archbishop opened Georgetown University as the first Catholic institution of higher learning in the U.S.; and that he wanted a new cathedral, not designating an existing church for the seat of the archbishop.

“He wanted the best, on a high hill,” Cardinal Dolan said, and for that he wanted the best architect who could design an edifice that would say, “We are Catholic and we are here to stay.” 

For that task, he selected Benjamin Henry Latrobe, who had designed the U.S. Capitol, and who built a cathedral that was the most advanced building in the country at the time.

But it is the “living stones” – the people – that make the Baltimore Basilica come alive, Cardinal Dolan noted. “From this altar, the light shines.”

He noted that archbishops of Baltimore from Cardinal James Gibbons through Cardinal Lawrence Shehan and Archbishop Lori, have made social justice a hallmark. He noted that Father James Boric, current rector of the basilica, has created an urban street ministry, the Source of All Hope, that goes out into the streets of the city to minister to and with those experiencing homelessness. 

“That’s precisely what John Carroll wanted,” Cardinal Dolan said.

The following day, Archbishop Lori celebrated Mass for the feast day, with Bishop Barron, auxiliary bishop of Los Angeles, as the homilist. The bishop said he could not decline the invitation to preach in “the most beautiful church in America, and one with unparalleled historical resonance.”

The bishop, who is also the founder of Word on Fire Catholic Ministries, noted that when he was a doctoral student in Paris, he conducted tours of Notre Dame Cathedral for English-speakers every Wednesday. “One of my favorite stops on those tours was at the left portal on the facade of the cathedral, where I would always point out the curious juxtaposition of a statue of Mary, the mother of God, with a depiction of the Ark of the Covenant.”

He said the juxtaposition showed that Mary, who carried the Word of God in her womb, was “the Ark of the Covenant par excellence.”

He paralleled the readings from the Mass, which indicated that the Ark was taken to “the hill country of Judah,” the same place referenced when Mary visits her cousin, Elizabeth. He noted that King David danced with abandon before the Ark of the Covenant, and John the Baptist, in Elizabeth’s womb, “performs his own David-like dance” in the presence of Mary, the true Ark.

“The point is clear. The true vessel in which it pleased the God of Israel in his fullness to dwell is none other than Mary, the Mother of God,” Bishop Barron said.

Reflecting on the reading for the feast from the Book of Revelation, he said that the author’s narrative shows that Mary is the Queen of Heaven, and a warrior queen battling the powers of darkness. This alludes also to the Ark of the Covenant, because the Israelites often took the Ark with them into battle, convinced it would act as a conduit of God’s power against the enemies of the nation.

“Therefore, the true Ark, Mary, the mother of God, also serves as a conduit of God’s mighty power against those forces that will threaten us.”

He noted that Mary’s Assumption into Heaven does not indicate that Mary has abandoned us, “it means she’s gone to a higher point of advantage, where, like a military commander, she can observe the entire field of battle.” Admitting that military metaphors can be incomplete, he said, “The battle in which Mary, the Queen of Heaven and the Ark of the Covenant involves herself is never fought with worldly weapons. … This speaks to the typically divine method of warfare, fighting evil with good, violence with nonviolence, hatred with self-emptying love, cruelty with forgiveness.”

The battle between the beast – the red dragon, as the devil is portrayed in the reading – and the woman goes on through the ages. 

“That there is therefore today a struggle between the forces of light and the forces of darkness between what St. John Paul II called the culture of life and the culture of death should not surprise us. … There’s no question that in our contemporary Western culture, there’s a sharply diminished sense of the inherent dignity of the human person” which is seen in the acceptance in some quarters of capital punishment as a legitimate exercise of the state’s authority; in racism; in the murderous violence in our streets, in homeless encampments in some of our most-affluent cities; in the indifference to our elderly, coming to full expression in laws permitting euthanasia; and in an unwelcoming attitude to those seeking asylum in our country, Bishop Barron said.

“And we can see it with perhaps greatest clarity in the abortion license that permits the murdering of 1 million unborn children a year. The dysfunction that lies behind all of these outrages is the instrumentalization of human life, the reduction of the person to the level of a means to an end.”

He said that thinking is repugnant to the biblical teaching that each human being is made in the image and likeness of God and is why Mary, the warrior queen, is presented in the Book of Revelation as pregnant, a bearer of life. 

“To fight under her leadership and according to her example is therefore to fight on behalf of life, defending those whose dignity and very survival are most threatened. The dragon is powerful indeed. But the good news of today is that the Queen of Heaven is more powerful still.”

The Assumption of Mary into Heaven helps us appreciate the elevation of Earth to Heaven. “Therefore, brothers and sisters, as we gather for this magnificent solemnity in this splendid place, the mother church of American Catholicism,” Bishop Barron said, “we recommit ourselves to be happy warriors under the banner of the Queen of Heaven, the true Ark of the Covenant, fighting for life and fighting for truth.”

To watch recorded livestreams of the vespers liturgy and feast day Mass, click here.

Email Christopher Gunty at editor@CatholicReview.org.

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